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91.
通过计算云南163个地震震源处沿地震主应力方向的潮汐应力分量,分析了地震的潮汐应力触发力学机制.结果表明,所研究的地震中有62%受到了潮汐应力的触发作用. 在此基础上,对受到潮汐应力触发的地震发震时的天体位置特征进行了研究,得到了具有潮汐应力触发物理基础的地震时的月日黄经差、月日赤纬和月日天顶距的分布图像.图像显示,云南地区的地震在新月期间和上下弦附近较易受到潮汐应力的触发;受到潮汐应力触发作用的地震发震时刻的月日赤纬有明显的密集分布条带特征,地震频次在月、日天顶距分别为30°～140°和20°～140°范围内为平均优势分布区间. 相似文献
92.
93.
On rip-channelled beaches, intense rip currents are driven by waves due to alongshore variations in breaking-induced wave energy dissipation. This study addresses for the first time the potential development of tidal currents superimposed onto the wave-driven circulation. This phenomenon is observed on a rip-channelled meso-macrotidal beach (Biscarrosse, SW France). Field measurements show 20 to 45% stronger mean rip velocities during ebb than during flood. Numerical experiments reveal that this asymmetry is the signature of tidal currents developing over the rip channel morphology. This asymmetry is found to increase roughly linearly with increasing tidal range. These results are significant to beach safety and lifeguarding and stimulate further numerical exercises. 相似文献
94.
The Mw 9.0 Tohoku-Oki earthquake that occurred off the Pacific coast of Japan on March 11, 2011, was followed by thousands of aftershocks, both near the plate interface and in the crust of inland eastern Japan. In this paper, we report on two large, shallow crustal earthquakes that occurred near the Ibaraki-Fukushima prefecture border, where the background seismicity was low prior to the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake. Using densely spaced geodetic observations (GPS and InSAR datasets), we found that two large aftershocks in the Iwaki and Kita-Ibarake regions (hereafter referred to as the Iwaki earthquake and the Kita-Ibarake earthquake) produced 2.1 m and 0.44 m of motion in the line-of-sight (LOS), respectively. The azimuth-offset method was used to obtain the preliminary location of the fault traces. The InSAR-based maximum offset and trace of the faults that produced the Iwaki earthquake are consistent with field observations. The fault location and geometry of these two earthquakes are constrained by a rectangular dislocation model in a multilayered elastic half-space, which indicates that the maximum slips for the two earthquakes are 3.28 m and 0.98 m, respectively. The Coulomb stress changes were calculated for the faults following the 2011 Mw 9.0 Tohoku-Oki earthquake based on the modeled slip along the fault planes. The resulting Coulomb stress changes indicate that the stresses on the faults increased by up to 1.1 MPa and 0.7 MPa in the Iwaki and Kita-Ibarake regions, respectively, suggesting that the Tohoku-Oki earthquake triggered the two aftershocks, supporting the results of seismic tomography. 相似文献
95.
汶川地震余震活动固体潮调制的统计分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
A statistical analysis on the Wenchuan aftershock activity triggered by tidal forces is systematically studied based on Schusters test, including earthquakes triggered by tidal force, tidal stress and tidal coulomb failure stress. The results show that a group of strong aftershocks which occurred at the end of July to early August in 2008 at the north of Wenchuan were obviously triggered by earth tide, the same conclusion is drawn by Schusters smooth test of the tidal force, tidal stress and tidal coulomb failure stress. In addition, the Wenchuan aftershock activity is obviously triggered by fortnight tide. In the north, the aftershocks happened more frequently in the first and last quarters of the moon, and in the south, the aftershocks happened more frequently in the first and last quarters of the moon and during the full moon. 相似文献
96.
Movement of tidal watersheds in the Wadden Sea and its consequences on the morphological development
The Wadden Sea consists of a series of tidal lagoons which are connected to the North Sea by tidal inlets. Boundaries of each lagoon are the mainland coast, the barrier islands on both sides of the tidal inlet, and the tidal watersheds behind the two barrier islands. Behind each Wadden Island there is a tidal watershed separating two adjacent tidal lagoons. The locations of the tidal watersheds in the Wadden Sea are not fixed. Especially after a human interference in one of the tidal lagoons, a tidal watershed can move and thereby influence the distribution of area between the lagoons. This appears to be important for the morphological development in not only the basin in which the interference takes place, but also in the adjacent basins. This paper describes theoretical analyses and numerical modelling aimed at improving the insights into the location of the tidal watersheds, their movements, and the impact of the movements of tidal watersheds on the morphological development of a multi-basin system like the Wadden Sea. 相似文献
97.
大气、陆地水和海洋之间的水质量迁移对海平面的影响一般假定为均匀薄层分布.但实际上,水质量负荷重新分布一方面会使地壳产生形变,另一方面会引起重力位势场变化(引力位和离心力位),这都会对海平面时空变化特征产生影响,两方面之和称为负荷自吸引效应(SAL).海洋模式模拟的时变洋底压力结果一般符合Boussinesq假设即体积守恒,忽略了大气、陆地水和海洋之间水质量交换的影响.本文基于海平面变化方程,联合陆地水模型、大气地表气压模型、海洋洋底压力模型和GRACE反演的冰川质量变化,详细讨论了2003-2010年SAL对海平面周年变化的影响.主要结论有:(1)SAL对全球海平面周年变化有显著影响,振幅在1.3~19 mm.其中近海岸和低纬度区域受影响较大.(2)在SAL引起的海平面周年振幅变化的因素中,陆地水储量变化因素最大,大气因素次之,非潮汐海洋影响最小.但非潮汐海洋对海平面周年相位空间变化的影响最为复杂.(3)通过与国际长期验潮站观测数据结果比较,在ECCO海洋模式估计的洋底压力结果中引入SAL,能多解释约5.3%观测信号方差. 相似文献
98.
矿井地质灾害严重威胁人民生命财产安全,深入认识成灾机理与相关要素,准确辨识地质灾源体并评价其致灾危险度,是煤矿防灾减灾保障安全开采不可或缺的基础性工作。本文通过分析矿井地质灾害典型案例,认为矿井地质灾源体是在煤矿采掘过程中具有发生矿井地质灾害潜在危险的地质体,包括煤层及其围岩以及存在其中的地下水与瓦斯等,具有地源性、隐蔽性、触发性、可控性等主要特征;矿井地质灾源体是矿井地质灾害的内因,煤矿采掘活动是触发矿井地质灾害的外因,地质影响因素和人为影响因素可能提高或降低矿井地质灾害的危险程度;并提出了辩识地质灾源体和评价其致灾危险度的具体方法。 相似文献
99.
We present the first systematic exploration of earth tides-seismicity correlation in northwestern South America, with a special emphasis in Colombia. For this purpose, we use a dataset of ∼167,000 earthquakes, gathered by the Colombian Seismological Network between 1993 and 2017. Most of the events are intermediate-depth earthquakes from the Bucaramanga seismic nest and the Cauca seismic cluster. For this purpose, we implemented a novel approach for the calculation of tidal phases that considers the relative positions of the Earth-Moon-Sun system at the time of the events. After applying the standard Schuster test to the whole dataset and to several earthquake samples (classified by time, location, magnitude and depth), we found strong correlation anomalies with the diurnal and monthly components of the tide (global log(p) values around −7.0 for the diurnal constituent and −12.1 for the monthly constituent), especially for the intermediate depth events. These anomalies suggest that around 16% of the deep earthquakes in Colombia may be triggered by tides, especially when the monthly phase is between 350°-10°. We attribute our positive results, which favor the tidal-triggering hypothesis, in contrast to previous negative ones to: 1) the size of our dataset, and 2) the method we used to calculate tidal phases. Anyone willing to reproduce our results or to apply our methodology to custom datasets can use the public information system tQuakes that we developed for this work. 相似文献
100.